Reflection

This semester has been a great learning experience for me. At the beginning of the course I was discouraged with all the reading, blogging and working on our website. Now that we are finished it was well worth it and I can truly say that I have learned something valuable to take on into my future. I would have to say that I have no regrets.

Tobacco and Death/Star Wars

Chapter 6: Tobacco and Death, When is a Cause not a Cause?
-technical communication misled the public and now has gotten millions into serious medical issues

CAUSE-
1) a fairly direct and mechanical matter
2) statistical approach
-"the tobacco industry has engaged in an aggressive program of misinformation, obfuscation, denial, and opposition that has clouded the connection between smoking and disease in the minds of the public"
-statistics is a very important tool in medicine and public health
-practically all scientists and doctors studying smoking agree that smoking causes lung cancer as well as other diseases, causation and not coincidence

SOPHISTS-
-"clever users of words to manipulate and deceive"
-interested in winning arguments, prevailing in debates, and achieving favorable judgments for oneself
-the techniques of the sophists as traditionally represented do seem to closely resemble those of the tobacco industry, and our ethical judgment of them is similarly negative
-sophists insist that every topic has two sides worthy of argument, and their reputation for contention for the sake of contention and for the sake of thier self-interest
-"Thank You for Not Smoking"

DOCUMENTS-
-industry has avoided not only a single judgment against them but had also avoided the crucial first judgment against them, which would act as a watershed yielding a cascade of further cases based on that precedent
1950s-
-Dr. Ernst Wynder's report on smoking and its affects led to the industry beginning a PR campaign using the fact that there is no real proof or cause, used the newspaper
-TIRC- famous and widely cited documents
1) articulates a position central to the industry's subsequent justifications of its activities, namely that causation and proof have not been demonstrated
2) shows the frank disdain by the industry of scientific, medical, and technical research accepted by nearly all medical and scientific professionals outside the industry
3) attempts to lay upon industry a mantle of scientific honesty and rigor that has been found to be false and deliberately misleading
-document also portrays the industry as a victim of malicious publicity from other agents, while in reality the public is the victim
1960s-
-Surgeon General appointed an advisory committee to investigate the health effects of smoking
-industry now struggling to find reputable scientists willing to defend their position
-unimpeachable evidence that nicotine is addictive has been found
-the addictiveness of nicotine was taken as accepted even though the exact mechanism by which the addiction occurs or operates is not known, which is opposite of smoking and cancer
1970s-
-industry interested in filtered cigarettes as a way to respond
-entrapped in their own web of deceit in trying to justify and market the newly developed filtered cigarettes
-justified on the basis of only a perception among the public that smoking is linked to health problems, w/out actually acknowledging the reality that smoking causes health problems
-use of euphemisms, "biological activity," a euphemism for cancerous tumors
-inversions of meaning and opposition to generally accepted knowledge are hallmarks of sophistical argumentation
-closed down several research operations in order to not learn things they didn't want to learn
-potentially damaging research either was not funded or was restricted to be under the management of the lawyers, hoped that the findings could then be kept from gov't and public
1980s-
-the control of info by lawyers in order to prevent disclosures that would be detrimental to the industry was tightened
-later went on to control the entire reporting process and whole documents
-conpletely shutdown lines if some research was about to be reported
1990s-
-huge volumes of documents are coming to the spotlight
-1997, negotiated the terms of a single enormouse settlement that would quell some of the public clamor, ran into delay and oppisition and other tobacco compancies began distancing themselves from it

A SINGLE WORD-
-"believe," investigation into possible perjury charges against those CEO's, abandoned the investigation becuase of the single word, "believe"

GRAPHICAL IMAGES-
-photographic image of the steel magnate Andrew Carnegie
-Joe Camel, care free, living for the moment, not worried about cancer years later,
-the charm of diversions is an old theme running throughout the history of rhetoric and ethics
-RJR realized the importance of catching young people to smoke, smokers of the future, slowly fading off, worried, reasoning for Joe Camel
-Marlboro Man, "Thank you for not Smoking," David McLean

ETHICAL APPRAISAL-
- Aristotle-does not approve of the tactics used by the Tobacco Industry. The industry was unethical and was dishonest in their debate for why smoking is not unhealthy. Debate was pointless because the truth of whether smoking cigarettes is harmful to one’s health is already apparent.
- Kant-tobacco documents are clearly unethical because they do not act in a manner which could become a universal principle applying to everyone. The Tobacco Industry has not treated everyone in a way which they would want to be treated. They have continually opposed those working for the public good for the benefit of their industry.
- Utilitarian-weighs cost against benefits.
- Feminist Perspective and Ethics of Care-actions of the Tobacco Industry are unethical because they are impersonal corporations driven by their own goals and do not care that many people die a slow, painful death as a result of smoking.

Chapter 7: Star Wars, Hope vs. Reality
-never actually happened, different technical communication than smoking

CONTEXT-
-began during nuclear stalemate with Soviet Union
-seemed highly appealing at an emotional level and what seems plausible at a stated technical level turned out to be technically impossible
-lots of money spent before it was terminated

OVERVIEW OF SDI-
-Reagan announced on national TV that US was initiating a program to protect US from nuclear attack, 1983
-this proposal stemmed from "technological optimism," speech not clear on how it was going to happen however
-program ended up only protecting a small amount of the USA

A COMPLEX SYSTEM-
-Fletcher report-
-all in all very confusing and unrealistic

CONGRESSIONAL OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
-OTA issued a background paper on one element of the overall program, titled "Directed Energy Missile Defense in Space"
-four "misapprehensions"
1) individual, separate devices such as lasers are not the same as the total system in which they would be used together, which would be extremely complex
2) SDI is unlike any prior technical program such as the Manhattan project
3) hopes for entirely new technologies cannot be realistic.
4) accurate predictions cannot be made about the performance of this complex system. All possible outcomes cannot be anticipated.
*all related to the software issue
-serious concerns were voiced from the earliest days of the project by technically knowledgeable government authorities about the feasibility of SDI and its software

CONGRESSIONAL HEARING
-executive branch, president vs. congress, 1984
-president's science advisor, Keyworth- "powerful new technologies are becoming available that justify a major technology development effort to provide future technical options to implement a technical strategy"
-Senator John Glenn objected to these statements on behalf of Congress
-another incident showed that seemingly hard numbers can have only weak foundations reflecting more hopes than realities

SDI DOCUMENTS. PRO AND CON
Pro-
-commonly began arguments by explaining how terrible nuclear warfare would be
-would not directly emphasize technological feasibility
-presupposes the desirability of a technological fix to any and all problems
-even when three panels were put together by the white house even their explicitly optimistic statement is couched in vague, conditional language that is typical of nearly all the technical statements made in support of SDI
Con-
-many technical experts voiced opposition immediately
-Lin concludes that the SDI software project as described in the president's speech is impossible
-the fundamental validity of the algorithms running the computer could never be proven to encompass all conceivable threats
David L. Parnas-
-father of software engineering and has experience in designing military software systems
-resigned because of the Fletcher panel
-his statement is a great example of perfect technical communication
-he says that no software system could possibly be developed along the lines required by SDI that would be "trustworthy"
-many of the potential difficulties could not be completely anticipated and debugged before hand
-claims that SDIO is not an efficient way to fund research on subsystems even if the total system is unworkable, he identifies this as a "moral issue"

STAR WARS BOYCOTT PLEDGE

ETHICAL APPRAISAL
Aristotle-
- Undecided: unclear whether supporters could be characterized as representing a virtuous persona or whether they deny any suggestion over feasibility and realistically
Kant-
- Undecided: same dilemma (in what way were the supporters of SDI acting: virtuous or themselves)
Utilitarianism-
- Ethical if carried through with intended purpose (defense)
- Unethical if carried through knowing it would be ineffective
Feminist Perspective and Ethics of Care-
- Feminist perspective opposed to military
- Defense of US and Allies shows caring
- On the other hand unethical considering SDI supporters tried to stop dissenting voices
-Resignation of David Parnas

CONCLUSION
- SDI had a laudable goal.
- Many reasons for SDI not working. Most important was software would not work as needed.
- Concern for security can cloud our judgment over highly technical matters.
- Our ethical responsibility as communicators is to make sure that our hopes and wants do not cloud our claims about our technical abilities.

Harty Part 6: And Now a Word (or Two or Three) about Ethics

-business and technical writers have a very real moral and ethical obligations

Dorothy A. Winsor: Communication Failures Contributing to the Challenger Accident: An Example for Technical Communicators
1) Managers and engineers viewing the same facts from different perspectives
*knowledge is not just seeing facts but rather interpreting them, and that interpretation varies depending upon ones vantage point
2) General difficulty of either sending or receiving bad news, particularly when it must be passed to superiors or outsiders

PHYSICAL CAUSE OF THE ACCIDENT
-failure of a rubber seal in the solid rocket booster

EARLY RESPONSES TO BAD NEWS: DISBELIEF AND FAILURE TO SEND UPWARD
-when O-ring anomalies first began appearing in early 1984, neither engineers nor management at MTI treated them as serious problems in their communications to Marshall, did not send an interpretation UPWARD!

CONTINUED BAD NEWS REJECTION DESPITE CONTRADICTORY EVIDENCE
-optimistic view of o-rings continued despite mounting evidence that the rings were not functioning well

INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION OF CONCERN FROM MTI ENGINEERS
-MTI management may have an inaccurate understanding of the situation and a memo was written to clear this up
-his concern was keep within MTI

THE SPLIT BETWEEN MANAGERS AND ENGINEERS
-engineers and managers were disagreeing,
-engineers had hard time expressing their concern "upward"

CONCLUSION
-no one at MTI or Marshall wanted to believe that a problem existed
-even when MTI engineers came to believe that a problem existed, that had a difficult time convincing their management, with its different perspective on operations, to interpret the facts in the same light
-on the night before launch, MTI personnel were unable to convince MArshall of the situation's gravity, even though they looked at the same facts
-both were reluctant to communicate bad news to those outside the company


Darrel Huff: How to Lie with Statistics
-without writers who use the words with honesty and understanding and readers who know what they mean, the result can only be semantic nonsense

The sample with the built-in-bias-
-you can prove about anything you want to by letting your sample bias itself
The truncated, or gee-whiz graph-
-you can chop off the bottom of many types of graphs to deceive
The souped-up graph-
-change the proportion between the ordinate and the abscissa, exaggerates
The well-chosen average-
-comparing the mean vs. the median
The insignificant difference or the elusive error
-so small to determine the outcome, 98-101 IQ
The one-dimensional picture-
The over-impressive decimal-
The semiattached figure-
The unwarranted assumption, or post hoc rides again-


Dan Jones: Determining the Ethics of Style
WHAT IS ETHICS?
-the study of right and wrong conduct
-the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation
-a guiding philosophy

ETHICS AND TECHNICAL PROSE

ETHICS AND THE PROFESSIONS
- the Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics

Carolyn D. Rude: Legal and Ethical Issues in Editing

LEGAL ISSUES IN EDITING
-Intellectual property: copyright, trademarks, patents, trade secrets
-copyright
ownership
copyright notice, registration, and deposit
international copyright protections
-Permission and "fair use"
-copyright and online publication
-trademarks, patents, and trade secrets
-product safety and liability
-libel, fraud, and misrepresentation

The Basics of a Cover Letter (pages 306-333)

Format
The Parts of a Letter
-Return address
-Date
-Inside address
-Salutation
-Length
-Enclosure
Paper Size
Paper Color and Quality
Typing and Printing
Envelope

Content
Personalize each letter
Mapping it out
-First paragraph
-Second paragraph
-Third paragraph
-Fourth paragraph
-Complimentary close

Tips for successful cover letters
What writing style is appropriate?
Tone: Reserved confidence is always in style
Emphasize concrete examples
Use powerful language
Avoid catchphrases
Mention personal preferences
Proof with care

Cover letter blunders to avoid
Unrelated career goals
Comparisons and cliches
Wasted space
Form letters
Inappropriate stationery
"Amusing" anecdotes
Erroneous company information
Desperation
Personal photos
Confessed shortcomings
Misrepresentation
Demanding statements
Missing resume
Personal information
Choice of pronouns
Tone trouble
Gimmicks
Typographical errors
Messy corrections
Omitted signature

Cover letters for special situations

Response to a "blind" advertisement

Cold letters

Broadcast letters

Letter to an employment agency

Letter to an executive search firm

Networking letters

Thanks you letters

Margaret Riley Dikel and Frances E. Roehm: You Resume on the Internet

The myth about the internet resume

Rules for responding online

E-resumes are not just for e-mail

Preparing a perfect plain-text resume
-ten steps

Where, oh, where should that resume go?
Protect yourself online
Before you post, something to think about

Resume blasters: the wave of the future or a new for of spam?

Help resumes and cover letters

Online guides and guidance
Online writing lab (OWL), Purdue University- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl
The Damn Good Resume- damngood.com
The Resume Place- resume-place.com
Susan Ireland- susanireland.com

Harty: Pages 275-307

Part 5: Resumes and Other Written Materials for a Job Search

What preparation and experience candidates had in the following skills and areas:
-written and oral communication skills
-computer skills
-interpersonal skills, as demonstrated by the ability to work as a member of a team
-self-reliance and initiative, as demonstrated by the ability to work alone
-a sense of what the world of work demands in terms of professionalism and deadlines
-specific skills in at least one business or technical area supplemented by secondary skill sin a variety of related areas
-a sense of business and personal ethics
-the ability to manage time, set priorities, and work under stress

Why use a resume?
-Purpose is to convey a message, a purpose easily forgotten in the ritual of preparing it
-"Don't confuse customers by flaunting things that don't speak to their needs"

Giving your message
-start with the written word even if you are going to meet the potential employer in person
-the importance of knowing what the job is all about is key

Letters of Application
-looked like business letters
-they were succinct
-no misspellings or grammatical errors
-all followed a similar pattern
1) first paragraph stated who the writer was and what he wanted
2) body paragraphs indicated why the writer wrote to the employer and mentioned areas of mutual interest, special talents, or other qualifications that are better suited in a letter than a resume
3) a final paragraph suggesting a course of action
-hard work and attention to detail make for a good letter
-don't delegate the job of letter writing

Resume Preparation
-make it a testimony to your ability to organize your thoughts
-must look sufficiently attractive to get an employer to read it
-use headlines properly

The Functional Resume
-solution is to feature the functions of the job he wanted and then describe things he had done that pertained to each area
-under each function he developed the equivalent of a mini-resume

Preparing a Resume for a Specific Job
-functional resume allows you to develop a different message for each job or type of job you wish to apply for
-diff. functions can be highlighted, depending on what the job requires, and your specific experiences rearranged under diff. headings

A Resume Reflecting an Active Mind and Body

The Curriculum Vitae- "course of life"
-resume for academic positions and as such does not need a statement of goals or interest

The Job Objective
-need to keep this in mind while writing a resume, effects the structure of the entire resume

Additional Advice
-what qualifications does this person?
-what do you see this person doing with these qualifications?
-what kind of an employer would want to hire this person
-does the resume project an image of a certain kind of person? What kind? Aggressive? Thoughtful? Energetic? What?

Multimedia

For the multimedia component of our final website project, we thought about shooting video and pictures of things pertaining to Clemson Tailgating.
some ideas of videos:
-different tailgates/atmospheres
-activities
-Clemson traditions ex) Alma Matter, cadence count, etc
-cooking clips with tips
-having videos on the setup of a tailgate

Chapter 4- Dombrowski: Nazi Records; The Origin and Use of Information

Organization, Dissemination, and Use of Information
Nazi past-
-most of the information learned was retrieved from the Nuremberg trials
-found at the horrendous institutionalized abuse of people in the name of scientific and medical research

Controversy in the Present
-Medical specimens- scandals have arisen over human anatomical samples used in medical education
-"Research" information- the use of research done by the Nazi's in present day experiments to improve survival equipment

Values in Nazi Medical "Science"
Traditional view- "the healer became the killer, and healing became killing"
-the execution of numberless Jews and non-Jews was legitimated as medically necessary for the sake of racial health and purity
-masked language also played an important role in communications about the medical killings in many ways, both externally to the public and internally to bureaucrats, military officers, and doctors
Nazi anti-science-
-for some these horrible activities done in the name of medical science are explained on the basis of the intrinsic inhumaneness and unethicalness of science itself
-Nazi activities are extreme forms of the basic principles underlying all science and technology
-other say that many medical researchers, and a good deal of the general population in Nazi Germany, were disenchanted with traditional empirical science, so disenchanted as to deliberately, specifically oppose traditional science

Research in the U.S.
-the means by which info or knowledge in the form of evidence is obtained can greatly affects its validity and usability
-regardless of the indications of guilt that such evidence might reveal, if it was obtained illegally, then the information is considered not to exist and cannot be used as evidence

Nazi Technical Memorandum
-"Technical memorandum by Just on Gassing Vans"
-something is strange because there is a glaring absence of words
-masked language
-subject title of the document
-the document is actually technically excellent
-keep in mind that the technical values of excellence, effectiveness, efficiency and expediency came to replace many of the traditional social values of Germany
-"What we can do, we should do, largely because we can do it" - page 103
-Other technical communication in Nazi Germany
-the acquisition of Jewish skulls, particularly communist, by "induced death"
-document preventing the reproduction of specific race, Jews,
-there is an extreme emotional and ethical distance between the subject and researcher

Graphical Images
-Nuremberg Race Laws- making it illegal to have inter-racial blood relationships
-social Darwinism, "survival of the fittest"
-ethical problem was that political values came first
-technical procedures were established to identify Jews
-use of technology allows distancing between technician and the subject
-use of technology allows technician to remain detached from values behind the technology

Ethical Appraisal
Aristotle-condemns Nazi regime
Kant-assumes the equivalence of all people, indeed of all rational beings
Utilitarianism- seeks the greatest good for the greatest number, while what is good is defined in terms of usefulness
Feminist and Ethics of Care-Nazis showed an absolutely uncaring attitude toward their victims and absolutely refused to maintain any relationship with them, therefore their actions were utterly unethical

Website

http://clemsontailgater.weebly.com/index.html

Dombrowski: Chapter 3- The Ethics Tradition

Aristotle
-deals with virtue and personal character
-defines and explains basic notions such as goodness, truth, justice, and rightness as principles for guiding our conduct
-focuses on cultivating the disposition of the person rather than the behavior itself
-ethical because of actions over time not just one act
-not idealistic, we are nevertheless creatures burdened with deciding how to act in a pragmatic, imperfect world
-do not deliberate about matters of science and technology
-the highest principles find expression in the immediate, material realm

Kant
-deals with duty and obligation based on a fundamental universal principle
-this principle explains that an action should be performed just because it is the right thing to do, regardless of its costs or benefits to us individually
-strives for fairness and equality by showing that ethics can be understood by all people to apply equally to everybody
-ethics to him is a deontology, an ethical system emphasizing obligation or duty
-based on binding, absolute duty and obligation as they guide the application of a free will in executing what Kant calls the universal "categorical imperative" rule of ethics
-only reasoning can grasp the unseen but metaphysically real principles that drive our actions, our sense, on the other hand, are too directly engaged with shifting appearances, confusing contingencies, and material satisfactions to allow them to derive any knowledge about our moral obligations, which are necessarily metaphysical
-our distinguishing characteristic as humans in our reasoning ability, therefore it must serve as a basis for judging ethics
-he asserts a radically autonomous free will bound by duty, coupled by reason with a radical individuality that is nevertheless one with the universal

Relevance to Understanding the Ethics of Technical Communication
1) emphasizes a sense of duty, doing what is right regardless of competing interests or eventual outcomes
2) conceptualizes ethics as both an individual and a social matter, or, more precisely, it defines one's personal ethical responsibilities in terms of a generic universal human being
3) amounts to the Golden Rule; do unto others as you would have them do unto you
*assumes nothing except that we are all rational beings

Utilitarianism
-weighs the consequences of costs of an action against benefits in order to calculate the most socially desirable course of action
-treats people like somewhat interchangeable parts of the social machinery and insists on being unresponsive to the interests or feelings of individuals
-"calculus" of ethics

Feminist and Care Perspectives
Feminist Perspectives on Science as a Value System
-feminist science would emphasize the whole organism and the entire interrelational social complex in which organisms fully live
-men feel more comfortable thinking logically than women, hence more male science majors, etc.
-be careful when using gender words in technical communication

Ethic of Care
-urge other standards for making ethical decisions, such as caring concern and the quality of relationships
-urge flexibility and sensitivity to the particulars of a given situation rather than insisting on inflexible, universal rules
-relationships are of utmost importance
-women generally emphasize caring concern, relationship, and the flexible application of values depending on the particular person and circumstance in rendering their ethical judgements

Confucian Ethics
-grounded in immediate realities rather than immutable, timeless absolutes
-defines human responsibilities as being constituted in relationships, not in the isolation of a radical individual
-insists on the subordination of individual egos to time-honored obligations of social relations and to the needs of social harmony

Levinas
-ethics is not an abstract or metaphysical system of principles, nor a rationally understood sense of duty, nor computational weighing of costs and benefits, nor a feeling of kindness towards others it is, rather, about our human nature relation with others

Gert
-morality is a public system applying to all rational persons governing behavior which affects others and which has the minimization of evil at its end, and which includes what are commonly known as the moral rules at its core

Website Draft

The Tailgating Experience
Clemson fans love to say, "There's something in these hills," and it definitely applies to the tailgate scene. Nearly every available inch of grass on campus holds a tent and a table, many within view of the stadium. Aside from an isolated incident involving a foul-mouthed 12-year-old boy (the less said, the better), everyone was extremely welcoming of other fans. The sense of community almost reminds you of a county fair.

Parking
Parking is one of the biggest headaches, especially on Gameday in Clemson. We will provide you a parking map along with a few tips from those who have been around the block to make parking on game day a better experience. Also, if you feel you have mastered this aspect of Clemson tailgating feel free to post on our blog anything that may be helpful to Tiger fans everywhere coming to Clemson on a game day.
Below is the link to the Clemson parking map on gamedays.
http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/clem/sports/iptay/auto_pdf/2008_general_fb_parking_map.pdf
Tailgate Spots
Below you will find the information for reserving a Clemson IPTAY parking spot. This option is highly recommended for those dedicated Tiger fans who will be coming to all the games in the fall. It will be a small price to pay but well worth it at 9:00 am on a Saturday in the fall.
http://clemsontigers.cstv.com/iptay/clem-donorlevels.html


User feedbacks(blog)
Setup
The layout of your tailgate will make the experience for you as a Clemson tailgater. Some of the essentials include a Clemson tailgate tent, a tailgate grill and of course your Clemson tailgate chairs. Everything else is an added bonus. In this part of our website we will provide you an avenue to get the cheapest and best quality products to begin to set up your very own Clemson tailgate. This can also be helpful for long time tailgaters who need an upgrade from their 1980’s tailgating supplies.

Tent
A tent is a crucial part of any tailgate experience. It is the roof above your head for the entire day at a Clemson tailgate. It is important that you choose the right one that not only looks good but is large enough to suit your needs.

The Clemson Tigers Orange Canopy Tailgate Tent is a large 9'x 9' area, school-colored canopy tent built on a heavy duty frame with powder coated steel tubing and bolted joints. With 6 feet of clearance, the durable water resistant canopy tent is made of strong denier polyester with school logos on all four sides. The tent retracts to only 4 feet for easy moving and storage, includes ground stakes for extra stability, and fits into a tough nylon carrying case.

The Clemson Tigers Orange Canopy Tailgate Tent is easily set up by two people and great for any sporting events (football, baseball, lacrosse, track and field, etc) and for tailgating or pre-game parties. Show your school spirit and color - order yours today! http://store.bowlbound.com/123-41.html


Grill
Grills are also an important part of the tailgate experience. Depending on what you are cooking and for how many quests will allow you to better pick the optimal grill for your needs. For those going all out and grilling a pig you will want to get a larger trailer grill. For those sticking to hamburgers and hot dogs anything from a small camping grill to a charcoal pit will do the job. We will provide many options for you on our website to make the decision easier!

1) Hitch-mounted grills
2) All-terrain tailgate grill
3) Backyard and tailgate grill
4) Multi-grill trailers
http://www.partykinggrills.com/Hitch-Mounted-Grills_category.html
Chairs
You will be needed a comfortable place to sit all day at the tailgate. It is important that you not only go for comfort but also keep in mind the Solid Orange spirit running through Clemson on game days. We will provide several options for you and your guests to maximize comfort level and aesthetics.

1) http://collegejersey.com/store/viewItemMerchandise.asp?idProduct=27953&GCID=S31110x001&MATCHTYPE=search&KEYWORD=clemson%20tailgate%20chair
2) http://www.ocregisterfanshop.com/Clemson-Tigers-Tailgate-Chair_-1108855715_PD.html
3) http://www.firstandtensportsden.com/store/index.php?target=products&product_id=205

User feedbacks(blog)

Food
One of the most important aspects of any tailgate is the food. Grilling hamburgers and hot dogs are easy and great tasting, but what separates good tailgates from the great ones is food.
There are thousands of amazing recipes out there from sunset to sundown.
A great way to have great food easy and fast is catering. There are numerous local restaurants to provide catering specifically for tailgates.
Another option is simply tailgating in a restaurant. There are great bars and restaurants in and around Clemson that allow you stay cool and eat and drink whatever you want.

Please leave your own recipes and rate the recipes from below:


1) Recipes:
• Breakfast
• Appetizers
• Dips
• Spreads
• Salads
• Out of the oven
• On the grill
• Out of the pot
• Clemson Specials


2) Catering

3) Restaurants/Bars

Recipes:

Breakfast:

Philly Breakfast
Ingredients:
2 to 3 lbs Philadelphia Scrapple
2 to 3 lbs Sausage Patties
2 to 3 lbs Bacon
2 lbs sliced American cheese
4 dozen eggs
4 dozen English Muffins
5 lbs potatoes
2 large onions
2 large peppers
Worchestire sauce
Instructions:
Hot grill and skillet ....slice scrapple about 1/4" thick, grill on very hot skillet (the hotter the skillet, the better the scrapple cooks), grill sausage patties and bacon (meat can be cooked at home and prepared at parking lot) ...fry eggs on skillet, flipping one time, place on toasted english muffin, cover with slice of cheese and meat and/or meats of choice, add ketchup to taste and eat away ...
Peel and dice potatoes into bite size pieces, sprinkle w/seasoned salt, cover w/ sliced onions and peppers, add 1/2 stick of butter or margarine and a splash of Worchestire sauce, cover pan w/aluminum foil and place on grill...cook for about 1 hour (stirring to prevent burning) ...makes a great side dish to breakfast sandwiches.... Potatoes can be pre-boiled to speed cooking process Sandwiches can be wrapped in aluminum foil and taken into game to eat as a half time snack ....
THE MOUTHFUL
Ingredients:
Hamburger Buns or rolls
tsp. Hotsauce
1 large Egg
1 Sausage Patty
1 Pepper Jack Cheese
2 Bacon Strips
1 Blueberry-Pancake
2 tsp Maple Syrup

Appetizers:
Big Bites
2 cups (8ozs.) shredded Swiss cheese
1/3 cup chopped red pepper
1/3 cup chopped green pepper
1 cup mayonnaise
1 tsp. salt
1 tsp. cayenne pepper
24 slices baked ham or turkey
Combine potatoes, Swiss cheese, and red and green peppers in medium bowl; stir in mayonnaise, salt and pepper.
Spoon 2 generous tablespoons potato salad on each ham or turkey slice and roll into a cornucopia (or funnel) shape.
The flavor of the cheese in the potato salad is best when eaten at room temperature, so remove from the refrigerator 1/2 hour before serving time.
Makes about 2 dozen.12 ozs. red potatoes, peeled, cooked, cut into 1/2 inch pieces.
Sauerkraut Balls
Ingredients:
1 quart sauerkraut
1 pound (tube) of ground sausage
1 individual pack of cream cheese
1 tsp. parsley flakes
3/4 cup Italian bread crumbs
about half a dozen eggs
extra Italian breadcrumbs
flour

Directions:
Brown sausage in saucepan then melt cream cheese into it. Mix this with the sauerkraut, parsley and bread crumbs. Roll the resulting mixture into balls about half the diameter of a golf ball (they'll get bigger). Put some flour in one bowl, a few beaten eggs in another, and some bread crumbs in another. Roll all the balls in this sequence: flour, egg, bread crumbs, egg, bread crumbs.
Once that is done, deep fry the balls at 350 degrees for about 7 minutes or until a deep golden brown. For the health conscious of us, you can bake them at 350 degrees for about 25 minutes, but they are so much better deep fried.
Dips:
Ingredients:
2 large tomatoes or 2 cans of Rotel (I like extra hot)
3-4 green onions
1 small can of chopped green chilies
1 can chopped black olives
2 jiggers of tequila ( Gold works best )
2 jalapeno's chopped (you can deseed and de-vein, too lose some heat)
4 tablespoons of olive oil
3 tablespoons vinegar (white or cider)
2 tablespoons of minced garlic
fresh ground black pepper & salt to taste
Directions:
Finely chop tomatoes and green onions. Mix remaining ingredients. Chill overnight. Serve with chips.
BAGEL DIP
Ingredients:
1 (16oz.) jar Hellman's Mayonnaise
1 (16oz.) container sour cream
1 pkg. envelope Hidden Valley Ranch Dressing Mix - (not party mix)
3 pkgs. chipped or dried beef
2 pkgs. Lender Bagels (I use Packer Bagels, green & gold) from a local bagel company.

Directions:
Mix all ingredients, except the bagels, and chill. Cut bagels into bite size pieces. Dip bagel pieces in dip

Clemson Caviar

Ingredients:
1 green pepper, finely chopped
1 red pepper, finely chopped
1 orange or yellow bell pepper, finely chopped
1 red or sweet onion, finely chopped
2 avocados, peeled and finely chopped (optional)
1 can black-eyed peas, rinsed and drained
1 can black beans, rinsed and drained
2 cloves garlic, finely chopped
1 (8 ounce) bottle Kraft Zesty Italian salad dressing (regular or lowfat)

Directions:
Mix all together. Let sit at least 2 hours before serving (best overnight). Serve with Tostitos scoops or whatever your favorite chip is.


Spreads:

Vegetable Cream Cheese Spread
Ingredients:
6 lb. Cream Cheese
1 cup Fine diced scallions
1 ½ cups Diced red onions
3 cups Fine shredded carrots
1 Tbs. Salt
1 tsp. Black Pepper
½ Tbs. Chopped garlic

Directions:
Mix all ingredients together until smooth and creamy.

Salads:

Corn Salad NASCAR Style
Ingredients:
1 cup vinegar
3/4 cup vegetable oil
1 1/2 cup sugar
3 tablespoon water
2 tablespoon fresh ground pepper
2 teaspoon salt
2 cans baby peas, drained
3 cans white corn drained
2 jars chopped pimientos 4ounces each
10 green onions, chopped
10 celery ribs, chopped
1 green pepper, chopped
1 yellow pepper, chopped
1 red pepper, chopped

Directions:
In sauce pan add vinegar, oil, sugar, water, pepper and salt. Warm until dissolved. Add to the mixture of remaining items. Refrigerate for 24 hours , stirring 2 or 3 times in the 24 hour period.


Out of the Oven:

Easy, Easy Chicken Wings

Ingredients:
As many wings as you want
Salt
Black pepper
Tony Chachere's Seasoning

Directions:
Sprinkle both sides of wings with salt, black pepper, and Tony Chachere's. Bake at 350 until done.
Grill:
Ingredients:
4 c. flour
1/4 c pepper
1/2 tsp. salt
any brand of beer, enough to make a medium thick batter
Instructions:
Dip chicken wings or chicken drumettes in batter and deep fry till golden brown. Drain on paper towel. Dip each piece into Hunts Hickory Brown Sugar BBQ sauce.
Drinks:
Tiger Paw Drink
Ingredients:
2 oz citrus vodka
2 oz lemon juice
1 tbsp sugar
ice
fill with orange soda

Directions:
Add vodka, lemon juice, ice, and sugar in a mixing glass and shake. Pour into a cup and add orange soda. Stir.

Southern Sweet Tea
Ingredients:
½ firefly vodka
½ water
twist of lemon

Directions:
Stir well and chill.

Catering:
Big Dave’s BBQ
Signature Catering
1060 Tiger Blvd (Hwy 123)
Clemson, SC 29631
Fax (864) 653-3534
Phone: (864) 653-3535
Cell: (864) 201-1830
bigdavesribs@yahoo.com
Map to Restaurant

Moes Southwest Grill
391 College Ave
Clemson, SC 29631
(864) 654-6630
www.moes.com
Get directions

Restaurants/Bars:

The Esso Club
129 Old Greenville Hwy
Clemson, SC 29631
(864) 654-5120
www.theessoclub.com
Get directions

Tiger Town Tavern
368 College Ave
Clemson, SC 29631
(864) 654-5901
Get directions
www.tigertowntavern.com

Activities
A great tailgate is has plenty to do. Here are some great lawn games and other activities to play when your tailgating. Please submit your activities as well.

• Cornholes
• Ladder Golf
• French Darts
• Drinking games:
Beer Pong
Corners


Cornhole:

• How to build your own set

• Rules:
OFFICIAL RULES OF CORNHOLE / CORN TOSS
Published By The AMERICAN CORNHOLE ASSOCIATION (ACA)
(Last Revision August 1, 2003)
RULE 1 - COURT LAYOUT

Section A. Dimensions - A Cornhole / Corn Toss court shall be a level rectangular area 10 ft wide and a minimum of 45 ft long. The court should consist of two corn platforms, designated pitchers boxes and foul lines. A north-south setting is recommended for outdoor courts to minimize the effects of the sun.

Section B. Pitcher's Box - The pitcher's box is the rectangle 4 ft by 3 ft at each end of the court, parallel and on both sides of Cornhole platforms. Each contestant must remain in the pitchers box while pitching the corn bag.

Section C. Multiple Courts - To eliminate distraction and safely separate activity, Cornhole / Corn Toss courts adjacent to each other shall be a minimum of 10 feet apart. A greater distance (at least 12 feet) is preferable.

Section D. Foul Lines – There are two sets of foul lines: (1) open adult play and (2) junior play. The open adult play foul lines shall be defined as an imaginary line 30 ft. from the beginning of the hole in the opposite Cornhole platform. For Cornhole / Corn Toss sets that meet ACA specifications, this foul line will be parallel to the front of the cornhole platform. The junior play foul lines shall be defined as an imaginary line 21 ft. from the beginning of the hole in the opposite cornhole platform. See the diagram below.

Section E. Covered Or Indoor Courts - The regulations for covered and indoor Cornhole / Corn Toss courts are exactly the same with the additional stipulation that they shall have a minimum 12 foot vertical clearance to the lowest possible obstruction.
RULE 2 - PLAYING EQUIPMENT - CORNHOLE PLATFORMS AND BAGS

Section A. Equipment Standards - The ACA has adopted the following equipment specifications and standards for Cornhole / Corn Toss:

1. Each cornhole platform shall be a 48" x 24" rectangle made of half inch plywood. ACA sanctioned tournaments should only be played with wooden cornhole platforms as there is significant variance in play between wooden and plastic or other surfaces.

2. The hole in the cornhole platform shall be six inches in diameter and be centered nine inches from the top and 12 inches from each side of the cornhole platform edges.

3. The front of the cornhole platform shall be approximately 4 inches from bottom to top and be at near a 90-degree angle to the ground.

4. The back of the cornhole platform shall be approximately 12 inches from bottom to top and be at near a 90-degree angle to the ground.

5. The cornhole platform should have solid wood sides with the only opening to the underside of the cornhole platform being through the hole in the cornhole platform. Although portable fold-down platforms are acceptable (with open sides), platforms with solid wooden sides are preferred for ACA sanctioned tournament play as it is sometimes difficult (especially late in the day) to determine if a corn bag was pitched into the hole or came to rest under the cornhole platform by being pitched through the open sides in a cornhole platform.

6. The Cornhole / Corn Toss play surface shall be finish sanded to a very smooth texture and there shall not be any blemishes in the wood surface that might disrupt or distort play.

7. The Cornhole / Corn Toss play surface shall be painted with a high gloss latex paint resulting in a surface that allows corn bags to slide but is not so slippery that it allows the bags to slide back down the platform. The preferable color is white, but any easy to see color is acceptable for tournament play.

8. The corn bags shall be made from two fabric squares with a quarter inch double stitched seam on all four sides. The corn bags should be made from 12 oz / sq yd duck canvas and may be any color that is easy to see during Cornhole play. Each bag shall be filled with approximately 2 cups of corn feed and finished bags should be a minimum of 6" X 6" square and weigh between 14 and 16 ounces.

Section B. ACA Seal Of Approval - The ACA shall issue its Seal of Approval to any Cornhole / Corn Toss equipment manufacture or reseller of Cornhole / Corn Toss products that agrees to abide by the ACA standards for design and play. Cornhole / Corn Toss equipment carrying the ACA Seal of Approval is preferred for ACA sanctioned tournaments and is recommended for all Cornhole / Corn Toss events to assure more consistent play.

RULE 3 - PITCHING DISTANCES
Section A. Adults - All open adult contestants shall pitch from the pitcher’s box behind the 30 foot foul lines. Physically impaired adults or seniors may, if agreed by all contestants, observe the 21 foot foul lines.

Section B. Juniors - Junior contestants may pitch from any place, but must observe the 21 foot foul lines.
RULE 4 – CORNHOLE COURT PREPARATION AND MAINTENANCE
Section A. Court Maintenance - Every effort shall be made to keep the Cornhole / Corn Toss play surface in perfect playing condition. Cornhole / Corn Toss courts should be free of anything that might distract a contestant during play. Each contestant is responsible for making sure the court is in good playing condition prior to starting the match. During a match, a contestant shall not be allowed to alter the Cornhole / Corn Toss court in any manner without the consent of the opponent or a tournament official.

Section B. Distractions During Play - Every effort shall be made to keep from distracting contestants during Cornhole / Corn Toss play. Drinks and other personal belongings should be placed behind the cornhole platform in designated beverage holders or other secure locations to keep from distracting contestants.
RULE 5 - PLAY OF THE GAME
Section A. Singles Or Doubles Play - Cornhole / Corn Toss can be played as doubles or singles. In doubles play two contestants are partners against another team of two contestants; in singles play a contestant competes against another contestant. In doubles play, one member of each team pitches from one cornhole platform and the other members pitch from the other cornhole platform. In singles play, both contestants pitch from the same cornhole platform. All other rules are basically the same for doubles or singles play.

Section B. Innings - Every Cornhole / Corn Toss match is broken down into innings of play. During each inning of play each contestant must pitch all four corn bags.

Section C. Value Of The Corn Bag -

1. Corn Bag In-The-Hole - A corn bag in-the-hole (or Hole-In) is a corn bag which is thrown through the hole in the cornhole platform or otherwise comes to rest inside the cornhole platform (knocked in by another player or an act of God). A corn bag in-the-hole has a value of three points.

2. Corn Bag In-The-Count - A corn bag that is not in-the-hole but lands with any portion of the corn bag resting on the cornhole platform is in-the-count. A corn bag in-the-count has a value of one point. For a corn bag to be in-the-count, it must not touch the ground or any other portion of the court prior to coming to rest on the cornhole platform. If a corn bag touches the ground before coming to rest on the cornhole platform, it is a foul and must be removed from the cornhole platform prior to the continuation of play.

3. Corn Bag Out-Of-The-Count - A corn bag which comes to rest anywhere except in-the-count or in-the-hole is out-of-the-count and has no scoring value. A corn bag which is declared to be a foul is considered to be out-of-the-count (no matter where it comes to rest) and must be removed from the cornhole surface prior to the continuation of play.

Section D. Delivery Of Corn Bags -

1. In doubles play, the first side of contestants alternate pitching corn bags until they have thrown all four corn bags, then the remaining contestant (pitching from the other cornhole platform) continue to alternate in the same manner until all four corn bags are delivered and the inning completed. Delivery in singles play is handled in the same manner (but from the same platform) with each of the two contestants alternating their pitching of corn bags until all four corn bags have been pitched completing the inning.

2. A contestant may deliver the corn bag from either the left or right pitchers box (see above) but, in any one inning, all corn bags must be delivered from the same pitcher’s box. A contestant shall pitch the entire tournament with the same hand or arm, except in the case of a medical emergency.

3. Each individual contestant shall deliver the corn bag within 20 seconds. The time shall start when the contestant steps onto the pitcher’s box with the intention of pitching.

Section E. Pitching Rotation During The Game - The contestant who scored in the preceding inning shall pitch first in the next inning. If neither pitcher scores, the contestant who pitched second (last) in the preceding inning shall pitch first in the next inning.

Section F. Position Of Contestants During Delivery -

1. The pitcher must maintain constant contact with the designated pitcher’s box (See diagram above) during the entire address and release of the corn bag. The only exception is for junior and physically challenged contestants, who must simply remain completely behind the 21 ft. foul line when the corn bag is released. The opponent, while not pitching, shall stand behind the cornhole platform at least 2 feet to the rear of the contestant who is pitching. After a short distance contestant (junior or physically challenged) pitches first they must return to the cornhole platform if the opponent or any contestant on an adjacent court is a full distance pitcher.

2. If both contestants use the same pitchers box to deliver their corn bags, the contestant pitching first should cross over to the other pitchers box in front of the cornhole platform and then move to the proper position. (see #1 above) As the first contestant is crossing in front the second contestant should be crossing over in back and mounting the pitchers box from the rear. If both contestants use opposite pitchers boxes, the contestant who pitches first should step directly back to the proper position described in #1 of this section.

Section G. Foul Corn Bags - A foul corn bag is a corn bag which was delivered in non-compliance with one of the rules of the game. It scores as a corn bag out of the count and is to be removed from the Cornhole / Corn Toss court before any more corn bags are pitched. Corn bags already in the court that have been knocked into foul territory by a foul corn bag should be returned to the scoring area. Additionally, corn bags that are in the count, but are knocked into the hole by a foul corn bag must be returned to their original scoring position.

1. The following are rule violations that must be spotted and called by an contestant or assigned judge. The penalty is to declare the corn bag a foul corn bag, which requires the corn bags to be removed from the court prior to resuming play.

(a) Any corn bag pitched when the contestant has made contact with or crossed over the foul line before the corn bag is released.

(b) Except as provided above, any corn bag pitched when the contestant has started or stepped completely outside the pitching box before releasing the corn bag.

(c) Any corn bag not delivered within the twenty second time limit.

(d) A corn bag pitched from a different pitchers box than the first corn bag.

(e) Any corn bag that contacted the court or the ground before coming to rest on the cornhole platform.

(f) Any corn bag which struck a previously defined object such as a tree limb, wire, indoor court ceiling, etc.

(g) Any corn bag that leaves a contestant's hand once the final forward swing of the delivery process has started shall count as a pitched corn bag. A corn bag that is accidentally dropped by a contestant before the final forward swing has started shall not be considered foul and may be picked up and pitched.

2. A contestant's corn bags shall be called foul if the contestant removes any corn bag before the scoring of that corn bag has been agreed upon. A judge shall be called if a decision cannot be reached. The judge shall determine the scoring for the inning.

Section H. Protests - If a contestant desires to make a protest, the protest shall be made to the judge or tournament official at the time the problem occurs. The tournament judge shall make the final ruling on all protests.
RULE 6 - LENGTH OF THE GAME
Section A. Point Limits - The Cornhole / Corn Toss match shall be played until the first team of contestants reaches (or exceeds) 21 points at the completion of an inning. The winning team does not need to win by two or more points.

Section B. The Inning Must Be finished - The Cornhole / Corn Toss match can never end in the middle of an inning. Thus, if a team that pitches first reaches or exceeds 21 points, the game can not end until the other side is allowed to pitch all of their corn bags and the inning is completed.

Section C. Ties At The End Of An Inning – If the Cornhole / Corn Toss match is tied at 21 or more at the end of an inning, play continues until one team or the other achieves a higher score at the end of an inning and wins the match.

Section D. Skunks - The game shall be played to 21 unless a team scores 7 or more points at the end of an inning before their opponents score any points. It this case the game is a skunk and the team that scores 7 or more points wins the match.
RULE 7 – SCORING
Section A. Cancellation Scoring - In cancellation scoring, corn bags in-the-hole and corn bags in-the-count pitched by opponents during an inning or half of an inning in doubles play cancel each other out. Only non cancelled corn bags are counted in the score for the inning.

1. Corn Bags In-The-Hole – Hole-ins (HI’s) cancel each other. A corn bag in-the-hole of one contestant shall cancel a corn bag in-the-hole of his competitor and those corn bags shall not score any points. Any non cancelled corn bag in-the-hole scores three points.

2. Corn Bags In-The-Count – Corn bags in-the-count cancel each other. A corn bag in-the-count of one contestant shall cancel a corn bags in-the-count of the opponent and those corn bags shall not score any points. Any non cancelled corn bags in-the-count score one point each.

Section B. Score Calculation - Cancellation scoring may be easily calculated as follows:

1. The points of both contestants are calculated for hole-ins and in-the-count corn bags.

2. The points of the lowest scoring contestant for hole-in corn bags are subtracted from the points of the highest scoring contestant for hole-in corn bags. The result is the hole-in score for the highest scoring contestant. The hole-in score for the lowest scoring contestant is zero.

3. The points of the lowest scoring contestant for in-the-count corn bags are subtracted from the points of the highest scoring contestant for in-the-count corn bags. The result is the in-the-count score for the highest scoring contestant. The in-the-count score for the lowest scoring contestant is zero.

3. The hole-in score for each contestant is added to the in-the-count score for each contestant to derive the recorded score for the inning.

4. In this manner hole-in and in-the–count corn bags from each contestant or team of contestants are cancelled out and only non cancelled corn bags are counted in the score.

Section C. Individual Hole-In Percentage Scoring (HI%) - For purposes of calculating individual Cornhole / Corn Toss Hole-In percentages (see Rule 9 below) that is reported to ACA by members for purposes of ACA ranking and awards, ALL corn bags pitched in-the-hole are included in the total used to derive these percentages including those that would be eliminated under cancellation scoring rules. Only corn bags determined to be foul would be excluded from the individual statistical scoring.

Section D. Recording The Score - In tournament play, the score sheet shall be the official record of the game and will be used to submit the Official Tournament Scoring Summaries to the ACA (see Rule 9 below). Contestants are encouraged to pay close attention to the score at all times. It is highly recommended that visible scoreboard (that all contestants can review and verify for accuracy) be used to keep score during tournament play. If a question or discrepancy occurs regarding the correct score, the contestant(s) may approach the scorer between innings to rectify the situation. If the discrepancy cannot be corrected to the satisfaction of both contestants, a tournament judge shall be called to make the final decision.
RULE 8 - APPROPRIATE ACA MEMBER CONDUCT
Section A. On The Courts - An ACA member, while in competition, shall make no disturbing noises or movements that would distract the opponent or competitors on adjacent courts. The first offense shall call for a warning from the judge or tournament official. A second offense shall call for a forfeiture of the game being played. Any further offenses shall call for a forfeiture of all games.

Section B. Off The Courts - Any ACA member who indulges in heckling, unfair rooting, or any other form of unsportsmanlike conduct toward any ACA member or tournament official, shall be subject to expulsion from the tournament and the tournament site. This covers any inappropriate behavior (including profane or abusive language) in, or around, the court area. The member shall also be subject to a one year suspension from the ACA.
RULE 9 – ACA RANKING AND AWARDS
Section A. ACA Rankings And Awards - The ACA shall track and report the Cornhole / Corn Toss results of all members that report their scores from ACA sanctioned tournaments. From these statistical results, the ACA shall select and sponsor the Cornholer of the Year award to be presented to the best ACA member Cornhole player relative to all other members around the country.

Section B. Basis For ACA Rankings And Awards - The ACA uses the Hole-In Percentage (HI%)as a basis for comparative rankings and awards.

The Hole-In percentage is calculated as follows:

# corn bags in the hole / (# Innings Pitched * 4)

The ACA Cornholer of the Year will be selected and posted on the ACA web site each Labor Day base on play for the previous 12 months.

Section C. Reporting To The ACA - Members hosting ACA sanctioned tournaments will be responsible for submitting ACA Official Tournament Scoring Summaries to the ACA at the completion of every ACA sanctioned tournament. The scoring summaries set forth the names and ACA membership ID numbers for each contestant, the number of innings pitched and the number of hole-ins pitched for the tournament.

Download copy of the ACA Tournament Scoring Sheets and the ACA Tournament Scoring Summary.


Section D. Updating And Reporting - The official rankings will be updated and published on a monthly basis. Monthly and cumulative to date HI% statistics will be reported for each ACA member that authorizes the release of this information in their membership application. ACA Official Statistical Reporting Summaries received by the 25th of each month will be included in that months updated results. Scoring summaries received after that date will be included in the next months results.
RULE 10 – ACA SANCTIONED TOURNAMENT PLAY
Section A. Hosting An ACA sanctioned Tournament

1. Any member of the ACA may host an ACA sanctioned Cornhole / Corn Toss tournament.

2. Responsibilities Of Hosting. The ACA hosting member is responsible for making sure that the equipment meets all ACA standards and that ACA rules of play are enforced during the tournament. The hosting member should also act as judge in resolving any ruling issues at the tournament.

3. Reporting Results. The Hosting member is required to submit the ACA Official Statistical Reporting Summary for all ACA members competing in the tournament within two weeks of the completion of play. For a downloadable copy of the ACA Tournament Scoring Summary.


Section B. Tournament Play - The standard method of play for an ACA sanctioned tournament is double elimination seated bracket style tournament play. For smaller tournaments round-robin play may be used where each contestant plays every other contestant. At the end of round-robin play, winners shall be determined by win-loss records or hole-in percentage. If ties occur, they shall be settled by playoff, who-beat-whom or one of the other methods that was not used to determine the winner.

Download copy of sample tournament sheets.


Section C. Publicity For Your Tournament - All ACA sanctioned Cornhole / Corn Toss tournaments will be posted on our up-coming tournaments list on the ACA web site. The ACA will also post your results, pictures and comments requested by any ACA member.

Section D. Handicapping - Handicapping may be used in open tournaments and league play. The amount of the handicap shall be determined by the tournament host or Judge.

Ladder Golf

Ladder Golf Setup Rules
• The toss line, which is where the players toss the bolas from, should be 15 feet from the ladder target; however, if you don't want to measure, you can space the toss line five paces from the ladder target ("Ladder Golf Official Rules and Instructions").
• You should use a coin toss to decide which player gets to go first ("Ladder Golf Official Rules and Instructions").

Ladder Golf Playing Rules
• During one round of ladder golf, each player gets one turn. Each player's turn consists of the player throwing his or her three bolas one at a time at the ladder target. Once each player has had his or her turn, the round is over. The players can pick up their bolas and start a new round. The winner of each round gets to go first during the next round ("Ladder Golf Official Rules and Instructions").
• A player can throw the bolas however they want to as long as they only throw one bola at a time. The bola is even allowed to bounce on the ground ("Ladder Golf Official Rules and Instructions").
• You can make noise and try to distract your opponent when they throw the bolas; however, you cannot touch them ("Ladder Golf Official Rules and Instructions").
• You are not allowed to cross the toss line until each player has finished their turn and the round is complete ("Ladder Golf Official Rules and Instructions").

Ladder Golf Scoring Rules
• You get three points for having a bola hang from the top rung, two points from having your bola hang from the middle rung and one point from having your bola hang from the lower rung. You can get a bonus point by hanging all bolas on the same rung or one bola on each rung. If you knock an opponents bola off of a rung, their point no longer counts ("Ladder Golf Official Rules and Instructions").
• Players must get exactly 21 points to win the game. If a player scores more than 21 points, his or her points for that round do not count and he or she must try again to score exactly 21 points ("Ladder Golf Official Rules and Instructions").
• If there is a tie, players should continue to play until one player gets 2 points higher than the other player in a single round ("Ladder Golf Official Rules and Instructions").

French Darts
Drinking games:

Beer Pong

Corners
Traditions:

To be a great Clemson Tailgater, it helps to be a great Clemson fan. Therefore it is important you know these great Clemson traditions.
• Cheers/Songs
• Alma matter
• Solid Orange
• Fun facts
• User feedbacks



Cheers/Songs

Clemson University Tiger Band
Song Time Format (Size)
Sock It To 'Em / Orange Bowl March 2:18 MP3 (373 K) / WMA (441 K)

Tiger Rag 1:52 MP3 (773 K) / WMA (895 K)

Alma Mater 1:25 MP3 (581 K) / WMA (678 K)

Percussion 2:18 MP3 (2.08 MB) / WMA (2.4 MB)
Fight Song
The fight song is the classic jazz tune Tiger Rag by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, also known as Hold That Tiger, which was introduced in 1942. Also popular is Eye of the Tiger, a number one hit of 1982 by the band Survivor.
Alma matter
Alma Mater Salute/Rat Caps — Freshmen wore rat caps during Clemson's military days and for a short while afterward. The hats were waved in the air during every football game up until the end of the Homecoming game. If the Tigers lost, however, rat caps had to be worn until the next victory. Today, the tradition is continued by waving the hand in the air (with thumb folded underneath so the fingers appear to be holding a cap) at the end of the singing of the alma mater.
Words A.C. Corcoran, '19
Music by Dr. Hugh McGarity
Where the Blue Ridge yawns its greatness;
Where the Tigers play;
Here the sons of dear Old Clemson,
Reign supreme always.
We will dream of great conquests
For our past is grand,
And her sons have fought and conquered
Every foreign land.
Where the mountains smile in grandeur
O'er the hill and dale;
Here the Tiger lair is nestling
Swept by storm and gale.
We are brothers strong in manhood
For we work and strive;
and our Alma Mater reigneth
Forever in our lives.
Chorus
Dear Old Clemson, we will triumph
And with all our might
That the Tiger's roar may echo
O'er the mountain height.

"Tiger Rag"

Long ago way down in the jungle
Someone got an inspiration for a tune
And that jingle came from the jungle
Became famous mighty soon
Thrills and chills it sends through you
Hot so hot it burns you too
Though it's just the growl of the Tiger
It was written in a syncopated way
More and more they yell for the Tiger
Everywhere you go today, they're shoutin:
Where's that Tiger?
Where's that Tiger?
Where's that Tiger?
Where's that Tiger?
Hold that Tiger!
Hold that Tiger!
Hold that Tiger!
C-L-E-M-S-O...N!


Fun Facts
Orange, Purple and the Tiger — The first "colors" of Clemson can be seen in an early diploma displayed on campus. But to everyone's surprise, they're red and blue! The orange and purple began when Walter Merritt Riggs formed Clemson's first football team in 1896. Because Riggs had come from Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama (later renamed Auburn), he borrowed ideas from their team colors, orange and purple, and their mascot, the Tiger. Although the football team was known as the Tigers and often used "Eat 'Em Up, Tigers" as a slogan, it wasn't until 1954 that a Clemson student donned the mascot suit. In 1993, the Tiger was joined by the Tiger Cub.
Running Down "The Hill" — Running down "The Hill" originally started out of practicality. Before the west stands were built, the football team dressed at Fike Field House and ran from there to the gate and down the hill onto the field. Today, it's the sound of "YOUR CLEMSON TIGERS," a cannon fires, the band plays "Tiger Rag," and thousands of orange-clad fans cheer the moment when the Tiger football team runs down the grassy hill and onto the field. This tradition has been dubbed "the most exciting 25 seconds in college football."
Howard's Rock — Howard's Rock, named for legendary Coach Frank Howard, was brought to Clemson from Death Valley, Calif., by 1919 alumnus S.C. Jones. The rock was first placed on a pedestal at the top of "The Hill" on September 24, 1966. Before a game against Wake Forest on September 23, 1967, Howard told his players that if they would give 110 percent, they could have the privilege of rubbing the rock. The Tigers won that game with a 23-6 victory. The white flint rock still sits at the top of "The Hill," and Tiger football players rub it for good luck before each home game.

Harty: Pages 207-275

Walter E. Oliu, Charles T. Brusaw, and Gerald J. Alred: Creating Visuals
1) Why include your visual?
2) Is the information in your visual accurate?
3) Are terms and symbols in your visual defined and consistent?
4) Does your visual specify measurements and distances?
5) Is the lettering readable?
6) Is the caption clear?
7) Is there a figure or table number?
8) Is a list of figures or tables needed?
9) Are figure or table numbers referred to in your text?
10) Are visuals appropriately placed?
11) Do visuals stand out from surrounding text?

Tables-useful for showing large numbers of specific, related data in a brief space, the data may be numerical or verbal
Graphs- "charts," present numerical data in visual form, showing trends, movements, distributions, and cycles more readily than tables do
Line graph- shows the relationship between two or more sets of figures
Bar graph- consist of horizontal or vertical bars of equal width but scaled in length or height to represent some quantity
-different types of information during different periods of time
-quantities of the same kind of information at different periods of time time
-quantities of different information during a fixed period of time
-quantities of the different parts that make up a whole
Pie graph- presents data as wedge-shaped sections of a circle, the circle equals 100 percent, or the whole, of some quantity with the wedges representing the various parts into which the whole is divided
Picture graph- modified bar graphs that use picture symbols to represent the item for which data are presented
Dimensional Column graph-
Drawings- useful when reader needs an impression of an object's general appearance or an overview of a series of steps or directions
Flowcharts- diagram that shows the stages of a process from beginning to end; it presents an overview that allows readers to grasp essential steps quickly and easily
Organizational chart- shows how the various components of an organization are related to one another
Maps- used to show specific geographic features of an area or to show information according to geographic distribution
Photographs- show the surface appearance of an object or to record an event or the development of a phenomenon over a period of time

David W. Ewing: Strategies of Persuasion
1) Consider whether your views will make problems for readers
2) Don't offer new ideas, directives, or recommendation for change until your readers are prepared for them
3) your credibility with readers affects your strategy
4) if your audience disagrees with your ideas or is uncertain about them, present both sides of the argument
5) win respect by making your opinion or recommendation clear
6) put your strongest points last if the audience is very interested in the argument, first if it is not so interested
7) don't count on changing attitudes by offering information alone
8) testimonials are most likely to be persuasive if drawn from people with whom readers associate
9) be wary of using extreme or "sensational" claims and facts
10) tailor your presentation to the reasons for readers' attitudes, if you know them
11) never mention other people without considering their possible effect on the reader

Philip C. Kolin: Proposals
Guidlines for writing a successful proposal
1) approach writing a proposal as a problem-solving activity
2) regard your audience as skeptical readers
3) research your proposal carefully
4) prove that your proposal is workable
5) be sure that your proposal is financially realistic
6) package your proposal attractively

Internal proposals-offer a realistic and constructive plan to help your cmpany run its business more efficiently and economically
Introduction
Background of the Problem
Solution or Plan
1) how the new procedure will work
2) how many employees or costumers will be affected
3) when it will go into operation
4) how much it will cost the employer to change it
5) what delays or losses in business might result during the change
6) what employees, equipment, or locations are available to accomplish
Conclusion

Sales Proposals-most common type of external proposal, purpose is to sell your company's products or services for a set fee
-the audience and its needs
does the writer's firm understand our problem?
can the writer's firm deliver what it promises?
can the job be completed on time?
what assurances does the writer offer that the job will be done as proposed?
-organizing a sales proposal
Introduction
1) statement of purpose and subject of proposal
2) background of the problem you propose to solve
Description of proposed product or service
1) carefully show your customers that you are right for them
2) describe your work in suitable detail
3) stress any special features, advantages, warranties or services
Timetable
Costs
Qualifications of your company
Conclusions

Richard Johnson-Sheehan: Writing Proposals with Style
style- does more than make the content easier to read and more persuasive, in many ways, it illustrates your clear-headedness, your emphasis on quality, and your willingness to communicate and work with the readers
Plain Senetences- tends to be used when the writers need to instruct the readers about a situation or process, specifically the plain style is used mostly in the situation section, where you are describing a problem or opportunity for the readers, and the qualifications section where you are describing your background and experience
1) the subject should be what the sentence is about
2) make the "doer" the subject
3) state the action in the verb
4) out the subject early in the sentence
5) eliminate nominalizations
6) avoid excessive prepositional phrases
7) eliminate redundancy
8) make sentences "breathing length"
Plain paragraphs
1) transition sentence- makes a smooth bridge from the previous paragraph to the present paragraph
2) topic sentence- claim or statement that the rest of the paragraph is going to prove or support
3) support sentences- can come in many forms
4) point sentences- usually restate the topic sentence at the end of the paragraph

Talking Points
1) Never thought to provide visuals in many of my texts. Usually the only place for visuals is when you are writing a science lab report which includes tables. Besides that the general feeling is that you must explain everything in words and that visuals are out of the norm. Makes sense though. I like to see visuals because it is less reading and more interesting. (207)
2) Rarely think to cite visuals that I include in technical reports. Also, do not know how to accurately cite these if I were to attempt to do so. (210)
3) The many different strategies of persuasion all still seem to work. You can take many different and creative approaches to persuading a company or group to accept your idea or proposal. No one is rightyou just must know your audience to a certain level that will allow you to make these different choices or approaches. (231)

Part 4: Reports and Other Longer Documents

J.C. Mathes and Dwight W. Stevenson
Audience Analysis: The Problem and a Solution

1) It is false to assume that the person addressed is the audience.
2) It is false to assume that the audience is a group of specialists in the field.
3) It is false to assume that the report has a finite period of use.
4) It is false to assume that the author and the audience always will be available for reference.
5) It is false to assume that the audience is familiar with the assignment.
6) It is false to assume that the audience has been involved in daily discussions of the material.
7) It is false to assume that the audience awaits the report.
8) It is false to assume that the audience has time to read the report.

Classifying Audiences
horizontal- audiences exist on each level
vertical-audiences exist between levels
external- audiences exist when any unit interacts with a separate organization

A More Effective Procedure
1) Prepare an egocentric organization chart to identify the individual report readers
-identifies specific individuals rather than complex organizational units
-categorizes people in terms of their proximity to the report writer
2) characterize these readers
-operational- identify specific differences between his or her role and yours
-objective- specific, relevant background date about the person
-personal- issues that could influence his or hers response to your report, age, name, etc
3) classify the readers to establish priorities
-trace communication routes throughout the chart, see how these effect response

primary- those who make decisions or act on the basis of information a report contains
secondary- those who are affected be the decisions and actions
immediate- those who route the report or transmit the information it contains

Richard W. Dodge: "What to Report"
Engineering reports- define all the problems, set forth the objectives, give the reasons for doing the work, then follow with conclusions and end with the recommendations

*The writer of a report for management should write at a technical level suitable for a reader whose educational and experience background is in a field different from his own

Management Responsibilities
1) Define the project and required reports
2) Provide proper perspective for the project and the required reporting
3) See that effective reports are submitted on time
4) See that the reports are properly distributed
*4 step conference method: beginning, completion of investigation, after report is outlined and after the report is written

Christian K. Arnold: The Writing of Abstracts
*most important part of the paper
-provides the specialist in the field with enough info about the report to permit him to decide whether he could read it with profit and it provides the administrator or executive with enough knowledge about what has been done in the study or project and what results to satisfy most of his administrative needs
1) your abstract much include enough specific information about the project or study to satisfy most of the administrative needs of a busy executive
2) must be a self-contained unit, a complete report-in-miniature
3) must be short
4) must be written in fluent, easy-to-read prose
5) must be consistent in tone and emphases with the report paper, but it does not need to follow the arrangement, wording, or proportion of the original
6) should make the widest possible use of abbreviations and numerals, but it must not conain any tables or illustrations

Vincent Vinci- The Report Writing Pitfalls: How to Avoid Them
1) ignoring your audience
2) writing to impress
3) having more than one aim
4) being inconsistent
5) overqualifying
6) not defining
7) misintroducing
8) dazzling with data
9) not highlighting
10) not rewriting

Talking Points
1) How many times have you written an email and just assumed it was going to the person you addressed but later find out that it has reached "outsiders." College is some way sets us up for this. We are taught to write to one professor when we are writing a paper or mid term. Then when we go to write an email we assume the same audience, the one whom you are sending the email too. This also causes a problem in the business world when you mean to write only to your supervisor but your manager and the President of the company see your work. The problem arises here that not only did the wrong people see your work but you only put as much information is your writing as your supervisor needs who is very familiar with your work. Your manager and President may think you are slacking because you are being so short and to the point. (171-72)
2) I think that the term "immediate audience" is all most null and void in today's era. I think that there is rarely a middle mad to transmit information. Most documents are sent vial email directly to the source. There is no real need to go through a supervisor or secretary when you can just go through the internet. (184)
3) I too believe that the abstract is the most important part of the paper. I think that it is often what catches your eye and entices you to read the rest of the report. I have myself been guilty of reading and abstract and skipping the rest of the paper because it did not catch my eye. I think that it is also true that abstracts are often looked over because they are usually the final thing that most writers get too in the writing process. At that time they are tired of writing and just want to be done so they put anything down on paper to fill space when in reality they are shooting themselves in the foot. (195-96)

Final Draft Proposal

Executive summary
The topic for this project came about in discussing the confusion that occurs on Clemson University’s campus on home football game Saturdays as 80,000 people merge onto a small town of approximately 7.4 square miles of land and with a population of only 11,939. Today, Clemson fans from all experience levels are facing increased regulations on game day tailgating. With IPTAY bearing down on their game day guidelines and taking away what used to be student tailgating spots, both students and alumni are less happy. Tailgating is still a huge tradition at Clemson University for students, alumni, and fans. It is incredibly exciting and fun experience to witness and arguable one of the best game day experiences. In order to make the most out of one’s experience it is important to be prepared and to know how to have a great tailgating experience. Fans are faced with increased traffic delays, students lack no general student tailgate areas and all are losing out on the Clemson game day tailgating tradition. A great tailgating experience can be achieved through proper planning in the areas of arriving at your tailgate spot, setup, food, and tailgating activities, and with our website we will be able to offer advice to alleviate some of the problems and present some solutions.
Introduction
Many Clemson fans travel to the small town of Clemson, South Carolina about seven weekend each fall to experience tailgating on campus. Many of those alumni come into the small town with no previous knowledge on where to park and how to operate an official tailgate. Many of the students, new and old, are at a loss to where they can tailgate. With the constant changing of parking guidelines and IPTAY regulations it can be confusing as to what a Clemson fan can and cannot do on game day. Not only that but many of these fans do not know how to operate an effective and enjoyable tailgate once they obtain a parking spot. With the right knowledge about parking and the essential elements of a great tailgate all Clemson fans can experience the game day atmosphere at its best. Too many people go without the great experience of Clemson tailgating on Saturdays in the fall and that does not need to happen. Our current involvement with Greek tailgating along with our Student Government ties will allow us to give a new perspective to Clemson Tiger fans. We will provide the essentials to a great tailgate and leave room for some creative additions. It is our hope that all Clemson Tiger fans can have the tailgating experience they deserve.
Body
The tailgating experience at Clemson University for football games is truly an amazing spectacle and something to behold. Unfortunately it can become a very chaotic experience. The tailgating experience all starts with packing and planning. People can really improve their tailgating experience by planning their trip properly and packing those necessary and luxury items that make a good tailgate great. Traffic can be very bad as some 80,000 people move into a small college town for a day. It is essential that people know how long of a drive it will take for different games to ensure that they get to the game in plenty of time to catch kickoff and tailgate. Not only this but the ability to determine the areas that are available for tailgating depending on your classification as a Clemson fan. For instance, if you are an IPTAY member you must know your designated spot on campus for parking and utilize that to the fullest extent. On the other hand if you are a student on campus the spaces to tailgate are much more limited and your ability to navigate these areas and utilize them to their full potential is key on game days. Many students do not know where they can and cannot park, along with alumni and new Clemson fans. There is a need for a clearer designation so that all levels of Clemson fans can find their place in the tailgating scene. Traffic, parking, and directions are the first and last part of the tailgating experience and really set the tone. There are also a lot of unknown tips that only experience veteran tailgaters know.
Some people say that the key to a great tailgate is the food. Tailgaters are often unaware of great recipes for tailgates that are easy to prepare on site. Drinking is another huge part of tailgating and for some the most important. It is thus important to know the laws as well as some great drinks to make and pack for your tailgate. Once people get to their tailgate and set everything up, then what do they do? Bringing along great accessories such as televisions and satellites, games, and other entertainment is yet another way that they can turn a good tailgate into a great one. Tailgating is about being social with your friends, family, and Clemson community, and the right food, drinks, and tailgate setup can really facilitate a wonderful experience. Finally, on of the most crucial parts of the tailgating experience involves the rituals and traditions rooted in the years of Clemson football. Many alumni have been coming to TigerTown for over twenty, even some over fifty years. We will elude to the tricks of the trade and provide some interesting game day rituals that should be imitated.
We are going to conduct extensive research on the topic. Our chief source of information will come from studying game day conditions and different tailgates throughout Clemson. We will give up our tailgating experience to go around and get stories from the many Clemson fans who know how to do it best. IPTAY will be a valuable resource throughout our project as many of their rules and regulations determine where a majority of Clemson fans can tailgate on game days. Students will be a valuable resource as they will be able to provide first hand horror stories and triumphs. We are also going to tap into online resources on the subject and experiment with them at our own tailgates.
We are actively involved in the Greek tailgating scene, President's of respective Greek organization, and experience tailgater from Greenville, SC where a large number of out of town Clemson Alumni and fans commute from on game days. Not only that but we are highly involved with Student government here at Clemson which is constantly looking for ways to include students in the tailgating scene. With the recent loss of several student tailgating lots there is a currently no official student tailgate areas besides the Greek quag. This causes students to find creative ways on game days to tailgate. As Student Government finds ways to accommodate students we will work closely with them to determine the best route to take with student tailgating as well as alumni tailgating on campus.
Our proposal for writing will be submitted on September 25th 2008. On approval the Draft of document will be submitted October 16th. On November 13th our Technology preview will be turned in. On December 4th our final project will be delivered to the class. The following proposal outline will guide our actions for the course of the semester allowing us to effectively asses the tailgate situation on campus.
Key
field studies
submissions of work
study/work

Date Event
20-Sep-08 SC State Tailgate Study
21-Sep-08 online research
25-Sep-08 Writing Proposal
27-Sep-08 Maryland Tailgate Study
9-Oct-08 Wake Forest (Away) Tailgate Study
13-Oct-08 Writing Center Preview
16-Oct-08 Draft of document
18-Oct-08 Georgia Tech. Tailgate Study
19-Dec-08 creation of website
13-Nov-08 Technology preview
29-Nov-08 South Carolina Tailgate Study
4-Dec-08 Class Presentations

(should explain the complete details of the solution: how the job will be done, broken into separate tasks; what method will be used to do it, including the equipment, material, and personnel that would be required; when the work will begin; and, when the job will be completed. It should also present a detailed cost breakdown for the entire job.)
Conclusion
Tailgating should be a bright spot of the Clemson experience where as for some it is a headache. The long traffic lines to and from the game, the hassles finding a place to tailgate and the pain of setting up a tailgate and breaking it down all in a period of twelve hours can be painstaking. We will provide to Clemson fans of all ages and backgrounds the information necessary to run an efficient tailgate on game day. Not only that but will provide some essentials to make their tailgate a truly Clemson experience. Real life stories and advice will be the main source of guidance along with IPTAY rules and regulations. Our involvement on campus and experience tailgating lends itself perfectly to allow us to give an unbiased view of game day at Clemson. It is our goal that everyone have the same great tailgating experience that we have had over the past years, there is no reason why this shouldn’t be the case. Clemson tailgating is a truly unique experience and we will show you why with this project.